Place and date of birth: Cairo.1936 Head of research at the Center for Research and Science (CNRS) Professor at Tokyo University Head of research group (REHSEIS) (research) in epistemology and the history of science and scientific institutes at the Center for Research and Science (CNRS) Head of the Center of the History of Science and Arabic philosophy and Middle Ages Research Topics The History and Philosophy of Determinism The classic Theory of Numbers Geometric Optics and Physical Optics. Geometric Structure and Infinitesimal Calculus Historical and philosophical Issues, Mathematical Application in the Social Sciences Reserch in the History of Science and philosophy.